The November 27, 1961, issue of Boxoffice said that the Lyceum had been closed permanently by order of the New Orleans Board of Buildings Standards and Appeal. The house had last been operated under a lease by J.G. Broggi. The item noted that the Lyceum had been built by the late Frank Heiderich, but didn’t mention when it had opened. The item did refer to the Lyceum as one of the oldest movie houses till operating in New Orleans at that time.
The earliest mention of Heiderich and the Lyceum I’ve found is in Boxoffice of June 19, 1937, which said that he had become a grandfather. I haven’t found an obituary for Frank Heiderich in Boxoffice, but the April 5, 1952, issue had a brief item about the death of Mrs. Heiderich which said that Mr. Heiderich was believed to have started his career in exhibition in 1907. The April 12, 1952, issue mysteriously changes the spelling of the name to Heidrich, and says that Frank Heidrich had owned the Lyceum for “…over 20 years.” Son Henry Heidrich would take over management of the theater, this item said.
I was noticing the pagoda-like boxoffice in that 1912 photo. It’s an interesting bit of Chinoiserie set amid the European classical details of the facade. It looks like there might have been some Art Nouveau stained glass in the arch, the doors, and the upper floor windows as well. I wonder if there are any surviving photos of the interior?
Boxoffice of September 30, 1974, had the sad news: “The historic State Theatre in Harrisburg, purchased last October by the Pennsylvania Rural Electric Ass'n, now has been razed. The 50-year-old house was demolished to make way for a new office center.”
Flickr user pscf11 says this photo depicts the Lyceum in Harrisburg. The evidence cited is that a bar called Carley’s is now located in a building next door to the site of the Lyceum, and that building is seen in the photo. I’ve looked at a photo of the exterior of Carley’s on the bar’s web site (photo 14 of their slide show), and I don’t see a strong resemblance. The building could have been altered, of course, but until other evidence surfaces, I remain sceptical about the claim that the Lyceum in the photo is the one in Harrisburg. The address of Carley’s however, is 204 Locust Street, which means that the address of the State probably was 208 Locust, or very near it.
The Lyceum at Harrisburg is listed in the 1904 edition of Julius Cahn’s Official Theatrical Guide, which gives that house a seating capacity of 1,732.
This theater started out as a twin. Boxoffice of June 25, 1973, said that construction was about to begin on a twin theater for Turner-Reynolds Theatres (formerly Turner-Farrar Theatres) just off the town square in Harrisburg. Each auditorium was to have 309 seats. The August 6 issue of Boxoffice said that an October opening was planned for the twin on South Main Street. I haven’t found any items about the actual opening or giving the original name of the theater.
I found a Lincoln Theatre in New Orleans mentioned in Boxoffice of July 4, 1966. No address was given so I don’t know if it was this Lincoln Theatre, but it could have been.
Also, Washington is currently misspelled in the address field above. Washingtin sounds like it would be the punch line in a joke about a Model T Ford.
According to Boxoffice of January 15, 1955, the Carl Floyd Theatres circuit had recently taken over operation of the Annex. Floyd took over the Winter Garden Theatre and the Starlite Drive-In at the same time.
The September 27, 1941, issue of Boxoffice said this: “The Jeff Theatre, operated by W. H. Castay, will be one year old September 29.”
“Bill” Castay (whose first name was actually Walter, not William) also operated the Arrow Theatre in New Orleans, and operated the Jeff Theatre at least as late as 1950. He was still operating the Arrow in 1959, but I haven’t found the Jeff mentioned later than 1952.
The only mention of a Paul Horton in connection with Overton I’ve been able to find in Boxoffice is in the brief September 5, 1953, item which said that the Redwood Drive-In had opened.
A January 14, 1956, Boxoffice item said that James Brakeall had bought the Overton Theatre from Bill Hall, who had “…operated the theatre for more than twelve years….”
The Criterion got a thoroughly modern look in a 1950s remodeling which Boxoffice featured in a multi-page article in its issue of August 7, 1954. There are several photos, but there is only one small “before” shot among them.
The credits section of the article attributes the design of the project to architect Dietz Lusk Jr., and though it doesn’t specify the firm of Boller & Lusk I think the partnership was still in existence in 1954.
Incidentally, the Boller Brothers Architectural Records in the Western Historical manuscript Collection attribute the original design of the Criterion to Robert Boller, not Carl. By the time the Criterion was built, Carl had already moved to California and Robert was handling the firm’s theater projects in the Midwest.
When in the planning stage, this house was to be called the Texan Theatre, and that was the name on the vertical sign in architect Jack Corgan’s rendering of the proposed house, displayed in the “Just Off the Boards” feature of Boxoffice Magazine, March 1, 1947. The theater was being built for Lynn Smith, local associate of H.J. Griffith’s Theatre Enterprises Inc., and he apparently got the house after himself instead of using the name Texan. Smith also operated the Crystal Theatre in Gonzales.
The Boxoffice item gives the seating capacity as 900, and I think that’s probably much closer to the mark than the 1,200 given in the article from the San Antonio Express-News. The satellite views (the best is at Historic Images- the views at Google and Bing are both too blurry) show that the building is not very large, so even the Boxoffice claim of 900 could have been a bit exaggerated, as is often the case.
Anyway, by calc’s count in the comment of last May 27, the current seating capacity would be 435, if you include the 12 wheelchair spaces.
Boxoffice of October 2, 1948, gave the opening date of the Lynn Theatre as September 29.
Twinkletoes: After you enlarge the pages by clicking on the magazine, then click on the + sign in the bar that will appear at the top of the page, and that will enlarge them. Whether you’re using regular page view or Issuu’s full-screen feature, you must click on the magazine before the bar will appear. Right and left arrows at the sides of the page will turn the pages of the magazine. The Langley article is three Boxoffice pages long.
If the site isn’t working well for you, it might be your web browser. I find that Issuu gets a bit odd when I use Opera, but it works fine with Firefox. I’ve never tried it with Internet Explorer.
1955 must have been the year the name was changed. Boxoffice of March 19 that year said that CinemaScope had been installed at the Cameo in Columbus, making it the last theater in the J. Real Neth circuit to be modernized.
Multiple references in Boxoffice to the 1937 project as the New American Theatre suggest that there was a previous American Theatre in Mount Carmel, but I’ve not found any specific references to the earlier theater of that name, nor anything revealing whether the 1937 project was a rebuild of the earlier American or was entirely new construction either on the same site or at a different location. After 1939, the new house is always referred to simply as the American Theatre.
I haven’t found any references to the Palace Theatre in Boxoffice at all. The American and the Uptown are the only Mount Carmel theaters it mentions until the Carmel Drive-In shows up in 1950. The Palace might not have operated past the silent era.
Various issues of Boxoffice through the year 1939 reported on the progress of Frank Barnes' new theater at Carmi. I haven’t found the opening date, but the sound system had been installed by November 11, 1939, so the house must have been completed later that year or very early in 1940. The architect for the project was Oliver W. Stiegemeyer.
Boxoffice of November 4, 1939, said that Albert Critchlow’s new theater at Roxana was being designed by St. Louis architect Oliver W. Stiegemeyer.
A 1949 Boxoffice item about the post-tornado repairs to the house said that, prior to opening the Roxana, Mr. and Mrs. Critchlow had operated the Temple Theatre in Alton, Illinois.
It’s fitting that this theater should have been converted into the fire department. It was built to replace an earlier Roxy Theatre, which had burned on February 1, 1938. The original Roxy was a single floor house with 425 seats, according to the February 26, 1938, Boxoffice item about the project, and the rebuilt Roxy would seat approximately 800, including balcony seating. The architect of the rebuilt Roxy was Oliver W. Stiegemeyer.
The original Roxy bore the name before 1932. It was mentioned in The Exhibitor’s Forum, issue of October 13, 1931.
Many news items about the Temple Theatre, dating from 1899 to the 1920s, can be seen on this web page about theaters in Madison County. In addition, there is a 1955 photo of the Temple, the caption of which says that it had been built in 1890, and that the first talking picture seen in Alton had been shown there in 1913 (this might have been one of the movies made using the Gaumont Chronophone system, first used commercially in 1910.)
The Temple Theatre was partly owned by Alton’s Odd Fellows Lodge. It operated primarily as a live theater for most of its history, though the news items on the Madison County page indicate that movies were shown there during the theatrical off-season at least as early as 1908. The Temple began falling dark for long periods in the early 1920s. I’ve been unable to discover when it became a regular movie theater.
A boxoffice item of March 19, 1938, says that plans for the repairs on the Temple Theatre, recently damaged by fire, were being prepared by St. Louis architect Oliver W. Stiegemeyer. Given the Victorian look of the theater in the 1955 photo, it’s obvious that Stiegmeyer’s plans did not include any major alterations to the facade. I don’t know if there were any extensive interior alterations as part of the project.
The March 11, 1939, issue of Boxoffice reported that the American Theatre in Mount Carmel had been badly damaged by fire. The item said that a print of the Republic film “Forged Passport” had been destroyed. Owner Theodore Coleman had been vacationing in Florida when the fire took place.
It looks like the theater was only two years old when the fire struck. Boxoffice’s survey of construction in the ST. Louis area published on October 16, 1937, lists the New American Theatre, 700 seats, Mt. Carmel, Ill., for Theodore Coleman. Boxoffice gives no details, so I don’t know if this was entirely new construction or an alteration of an existing theater.
It apparently took some time for repairs. Boxoffice of July 22, 1939 said that Brenkart projection equipment and an RCA sound system had been purchased for the American Theatre. Boxoffice of September 30, 1939 said that the New American Theatre had recently been outfitted by Ramsey Theatre Supply of St. Louis.
The rebuilt American had an impressive Art Deco facade. A photo of it was featured in a May 25, 1940, Boxoffice article on theater fronts. The photo is here (lower right corner.) The text pertaining to the American is on the following page. It says that the design for the rebuilding was done by St. Louis architect Oliver W. Stiegemeyer.
A March 8, 1947, Boxoffice article about St. Louis’s film row said that Theodore Coleman had opened his first theater, the Joy in Mount Carmel, in 1916, when he was 14 years old.
The article says that the auditorium had 972 Kroehler Push-Back chairs, and the nursery and private party room upstairs on either side of the projection booth each had 27 chairs, so total seating on opening would have been 1,026.
Architect John J. Zink’s design for the Langley was one of those interesting early 1950s hybrids, the style moving toward Midcentury Modern, but with considerable Art Moderne influence lingering.
The February 1, 1941, issue of Boxoffice said that upon completion of the remodeling of their Alco Theatre in Graham, Mr. and Mrs. A.B. Thompson would close their Graham Theatre for a complete renovation. The same issue mentions the Graham among a number of theaters that were to be reseated. The September 13 issue of Boxoffice reported that the Graham would be reopened on the 15th.
Given the date of renovation and reseating, I think this theater might have been around before 1935, perhaps under a different name. I can’t find any Boxoffice items about theaters in Graham from before 1941, though.
Boxoffice of October 7, 1963, said that Stewart & Everett Theatres had taken over the Graham Theatre from Mr. and Mrs. A.B. Thompson, who had operated the house for 36 years.
The Victoria Theatre turns out to be a missing aka for the Colony Theatre. See my comment of this date on that page for additional information.
The Royal apparently never had an aka, and is not yet listed at Cinema Treasures. Here’s a page about it at the UNC web site. All the pertinent information is there.
This house opened January 12, 1914, as the Victoria Theatre. It was designed by architect Burett H. Stephens, who had designed Wilmington’s first purpose-built movie house, the Bijou, opened in 1912. After closing in 1924, the Victoria was remodeled and reopened as the Carolina Theatre the following year.
The latest mention I can find of the Carolina Theatre in Boxoffice dates from December 13, 1952, and the earliest mention of the Colony I’ve found is from November 9, 1954, so the name was changed between those dates.
There is a page about the Victoria in the “Going to the Show” section of the University of North Carolina’s DocSouth project. It links to their page about the Carolina, but I don’t see anything there about the house as the Colony.
Boxoffice of November 25, 1974, recaps the history of the Victoria/Carolina/Colony in one of two articles about the closing of the house (left column, right-hand page), which took place on October 31 that year. Note that both the Boxoffice article and the UNC’s Carolina Theatre page misspell the architect’s name as Stevens rather than the correct Stephens. Additionally, Boxoffice gives the year of the name change from Victoria to Carolina as 1930, not 1925 as stated at the UNC page.
The November 27, 1961, issue of Boxoffice said that the Lyceum had been closed permanently by order of the New Orleans Board of Buildings Standards and Appeal. The house had last been operated under a lease by J.G. Broggi. The item noted that the Lyceum had been built by the late Frank Heiderich, but didn’t mention when it had opened. The item did refer to the Lyceum as one of the oldest movie houses till operating in New Orleans at that time.
The earliest mention of Heiderich and the Lyceum I’ve found is in Boxoffice of June 19, 1937, which said that he had become a grandfather. I haven’t found an obituary for Frank Heiderich in Boxoffice, but the April 5, 1952, issue had a brief item about the death of Mrs. Heiderich which said that Mr. Heiderich was believed to have started his career in exhibition in 1907. The April 12, 1952, issue mysteriously changes the spelling of the name to Heidrich, and says that Frank Heidrich had owned the Lyceum for “…over 20 years.” Son Henry Heidrich would take over management of the theater, this item said.
I was noticing the pagoda-like boxoffice in that 1912 photo. It’s an interesting bit of Chinoiserie set amid the European classical details of the facade. It looks like there might have been some Art Nouveau stained glass in the arch, the doors, and the upper floor windows as well. I wonder if there are any surviving photos of the interior?
Boxoffice of September 30, 1974, had the sad news: “The historic State Theatre in Harrisburg, purchased last October by the Pennsylvania Rural Electric Ass'n, now has been razed. The 50-year-old house was demolished to make way for a new office center.”
Flickr user pscf11 says this photo depicts the Lyceum in Harrisburg. The evidence cited is that a bar called Carley’s is now located in a building next door to the site of the Lyceum, and that building is seen in the photo. I’ve looked at a photo of the exterior of Carley’s on the bar’s web site (photo 14 of their slide show), and I don’t see a strong resemblance. The building could have been altered, of course, but until other evidence surfaces, I remain sceptical about the claim that the Lyceum in the photo is the one in Harrisburg. The address of Carley’s however, is 204 Locust Street, which means that the address of the State probably was 208 Locust, or very near it.
The Lyceum at Harrisburg is listed in the 1904 edition of Julius Cahn’s Official Theatrical Guide, which gives that house a seating capacity of 1,732.
This theater started out as a twin. Boxoffice of June 25, 1973, said that construction was about to begin on a twin theater for Turner-Reynolds Theatres (formerly Turner-Farrar Theatres) just off the town square in Harrisburg. Each auditorium was to have 309 seats. The August 6 issue of Boxoffice said that an October opening was planned for the twin on South Main Street. I haven’t found any items about the actual opening or giving the original name of the theater.
I found a Lincoln Theatre in New Orleans mentioned in Boxoffice of July 4, 1966. No address was given so I don’t know if it was this Lincoln Theatre, but it could have been.
Also, Washington is currently misspelled in the address field above. Washingtin sounds like it would be the punch line in a joke about a Model T Ford.
According to Boxoffice of January 15, 1955, the Carl Floyd Theatres circuit had recently taken over operation of the Annex. Floyd took over the Winter Garden Theatre and the Starlite Drive-In at the same time.
The September 27, 1941, issue of Boxoffice said this: “The Jeff Theatre, operated by W. H. Castay, will be one year old September 29.”
“Bill” Castay (whose first name was actually Walter, not William) also operated the Arrow Theatre in New Orleans, and operated the Jeff Theatre at least as late as 1950. He was still operating the Arrow in 1959, but I haven’t found the Jeff mentioned later than 1952.
The only mention of a Paul Horton in connection with Overton I’ve been able to find in Boxoffice is in the brief September 5, 1953, item which said that the Redwood Drive-In had opened.
A January 14, 1956, Boxoffice item said that James Brakeall had bought the Overton Theatre from Bill Hall, who had “…operated the theatre for more than twelve years….”
The Criterion got a thoroughly modern look in a 1950s remodeling which Boxoffice featured in a multi-page article in its issue of August 7, 1954. There are several photos, but there is only one small “before” shot among them.
The credits section of the article attributes the design of the project to architect Dietz Lusk Jr., and though it doesn’t specify the firm of Boller & Lusk I think the partnership was still in existence in 1954.
Incidentally, the Boller Brothers Architectural Records in the Western Historical manuscript Collection attribute the original design of the Criterion to Robert Boller, not Carl. By the time the Criterion was built, Carl had already moved to California and Robert was handling the firm’s theater projects in the Midwest.
When in the planning stage, this house was to be called the Texan Theatre, and that was the name on the vertical sign in architect Jack Corgan’s rendering of the proposed house, displayed in the “Just Off the Boards” feature of Boxoffice Magazine, March 1, 1947. The theater was being built for Lynn Smith, local associate of H.J. Griffith’s Theatre Enterprises Inc., and he apparently got the house after himself instead of using the name Texan. Smith also operated the Crystal Theatre in Gonzales.
The Boxoffice item gives the seating capacity as 900, and I think that’s probably much closer to the mark than the 1,200 given in the article from the San Antonio Express-News. The satellite views (the best is at Historic Images- the views at Google and Bing are both too blurry) show that the building is not very large, so even the Boxoffice claim of 900 could have been a bit exaggerated, as is often the case.
Anyway, by calc’s count in the comment of last May 27, the current seating capacity would be 435, if you include the 12 wheelchair spaces.
Boxoffice of October 2, 1948, gave the opening date of the Lynn Theatre as September 29.
Twinkletoes: After you enlarge the pages by clicking on the magazine, then click on the + sign in the bar that will appear at the top of the page, and that will enlarge them. Whether you’re using regular page view or Issuu’s full-screen feature, you must click on the magazine before the bar will appear. Right and left arrows at the sides of the page will turn the pages of the magazine. The Langley article is three Boxoffice pages long.
If the site isn’t working well for you, it might be your web browser. I find that Issuu gets a bit odd when I use Opera, but it works fine with Firefox. I’ve never tried it with Internet Explorer.
1955 must have been the year the name was changed. Boxoffice of March 19 that year said that CinemaScope had been installed at the Cameo in Columbus, making it the last theater in the J. Real Neth circuit to be modernized.
Here is a photo of the interior of the Vernon Theatre from the magazine Popular Mechanics, June, 1926.
Multiple references in Boxoffice to the 1937 project as the New American Theatre suggest that there was a previous American Theatre in Mount Carmel, but I’ve not found any specific references to the earlier theater of that name, nor anything revealing whether the 1937 project was a rebuild of the earlier American or was entirely new construction either on the same site or at a different location. After 1939, the new house is always referred to simply as the American Theatre.
I haven’t found any references to the Palace Theatre in Boxoffice at all. The American and the Uptown are the only Mount Carmel theaters it mentions until the Carmel Drive-In shows up in 1950. The Palace might not have operated past the silent era.
Various issues of Boxoffice through the year 1939 reported on the progress of Frank Barnes' new theater at Carmi. I haven’t found the opening date, but the sound system had been installed by November 11, 1939, so the house must have been completed later that year or very early in 1940. The architect for the project was Oliver W. Stiegemeyer.
Boxoffice of November 4, 1939, said that Albert Critchlow’s new theater at Roxana was being designed by St. Louis architect Oliver W. Stiegemeyer.
A 1949 Boxoffice item about the post-tornado repairs to the house said that, prior to opening the Roxana, Mr. and Mrs. Critchlow had operated the Temple Theatre in Alton, Illinois.
It’s fitting that this theater should have been converted into the fire department. It was built to replace an earlier Roxy Theatre, which had burned on February 1, 1938. The original Roxy was a single floor house with 425 seats, according to the February 26, 1938, Boxoffice item about the project, and the rebuilt Roxy would seat approximately 800, including balcony seating. The architect of the rebuilt Roxy was Oliver W. Stiegemeyer.
The original Roxy bore the name before 1932. It was mentioned in The Exhibitor’s Forum, issue of October 13, 1931.
A photo of the Joy Theatre appeared in a photo feature called “Activities and Interests of Boys and Girls” in Popular Science, November, 1917.
Here’s the page at Google Books.
Many news items about the Temple Theatre, dating from 1899 to the 1920s, can be seen on this web page about theaters in Madison County. In addition, there is a 1955 photo of the Temple, the caption of which says that it had been built in 1890, and that the first talking picture seen in Alton had been shown there in 1913 (this might have been one of the movies made using the Gaumont Chronophone system, first used commercially in 1910.)
The Temple Theatre was partly owned by Alton’s Odd Fellows Lodge. It operated primarily as a live theater for most of its history, though the news items on the Madison County page indicate that movies were shown there during the theatrical off-season at least as early as 1908. The Temple began falling dark for long periods in the early 1920s. I’ve been unable to discover when it became a regular movie theater.
A boxoffice item of March 19, 1938, says that plans for the repairs on the Temple Theatre, recently damaged by fire, were being prepared by St. Louis architect Oliver W. Stiegemeyer. Given the Victorian look of the theater in the 1955 photo, it’s obvious that Stiegmeyer’s plans did not include any major alterations to the facade. I don’t know if there were any extensive interior alterations as part of the project.
The March 11, 1939, issue of Boxoffice reported that the American Theatre in Mount Carmel had been badly damaged by fire. The item said that a print of the Republic film “Forged Passport” had been destroyed. Owner Theodore Coleman had been vacationing in Florida when the fire took place.
It looks like the theater was only two years old when the fire struck. Boxoffice’s survey of construction in the ST. Louis area published on October 16, 1937, lists the New American Theatre, 700 seats, Mt. Carmel, Ill., for Theodore Coleman. Boxoffice gives no details, so I don’t know if this was entirely new construction or an alteration of an existing theater.
It apparently took some time for repairs. Boxoffice of July 22, 1939 said that Brenkart projection equipment and an RCA sound system had been purchased for the American Theatre. Boxoffice of September 30, 1939 said that the New American Theatre had recently been outfitted by Ramsey Theatre Supply of St. Louis.
The rebuilt American had an impressive Art Deco facade. A photo of it was featured in a May 25, 1940, Boxoffice article on theater fronts. The photo is here (lower right corner.) The text pertaining to the American is on the following page. It says that the design for the rebuilding was done by St. Louis architect Oliver W. Stiegemeyer.
A March 8, 1947, Boxoffice article about St. Louis’s film row said that Theodore Coleman had opened his first theater, the Joy in Mount Carmel, in 1916, when he was 14 years old.
Here is an article about the Langley Theatre with several photos, in the Modern Theatre section of Boxoffice, May 3, 1952.
The article says that the auditorium had 972 Kroehler Push-Back chairs, and the nursery and private party room upstairs on either side of the projection booth each had 27 chairs, so total seating on opening would have been 1,026.
Architect John J. Zink’s design for the Langley was one of those interesting early 1950s hybrids, the style moving toward Midcentury Modern, but with considerable Art Moderne influence lingering.
Probably a 1915 opening (22 years before 1937.)
The February 1, 1941, issue of Boxoffice said that upon completion of the remodeling of their Alco Theatre in Graham, Mr. and Mrs. A.B. Thompson would close their Graham Theatre for a complete renovation. The same issue mentions the Graham among a number of theaters that were to be reseated. The September 13 issue of Boxoffice reported that the Graham would be reopened on the 15th.
Given the date of renovation and reseating, I think this theater might have been around before 1935, perhaps under a different name. I can’t find any Boxoffice items about theaters in Graham from before 1941, though.
Boxoffice of October 7, 1963, said that Stewart & Everett Theatres had taken over the Graham Theatre from Mr. and Mrs. A.B. Thompson, who had operated the house for 36 years.
The Victoria Theatre turns out to be a missing aka for the Colony Theatre. See my comment of this date on that page for additional information.
The Royal apparently never had an aka, and is not yet listed at Cinema Treasures. Here’s a page about it at the UNC web site. All the pertinent information is there.
This house opened January 12, 1914, as the Victoria Theatre. It was designed by architect Burett H. Stephens, who had designed Wilmington’s first purpose-built movie house, the Bijou, opened in 1912. After closing in 1924, the Victoria was remodeled and reopened as the Carolina Theatre the following year.
The latest mention I can find of the Carolina Theatre in Boxoffice dates from December 13, 1952, and the earliest mention of the Colony I’ve found is from November 9, 1954, so the name was changed between those dates.
There is a page about the Victoria in the “Going to the Show” section of the University of North Carolina’s DocSouth project. It links to their page about the Carolina, but I don’t see anything there about the house as the Colony.
Boxoffice of November 25, 1974, recaps the history of the Victoria/Carolina/Colony in one of two articles about the closing of the house (left column, right-hand page), which took place on October 31 that year. Note that both the Boxoffice article and the UNC’s Carolina Theatre page misspell the architect’s name as Stevens rather than the correct Stephens. Additionally, Boxoffice gives the year of the name change from Victoria to Carolina as 1930, not 1925 as stated at the UNC page.